Silicon carbide, an inorganic substance with chemical formula of SiC, is made by smelting quartz sand, Petroleum coke (or coal coke), wood chips (adding salt when producing green silicon carbide) and other raw materials through resistance furnace at high temperature. Silicon carbide also exists in nature as a rare mineral, Moissanite. Among non oxide high-tech refractory raw materials such as C, N, and B, silicon carbide is the most widely used and economical one, which can be called steel sand or refractory sand. The silicon carbide produced by Chinese industry is divided into two types: black silicon carbide and green silicon carbide, both of which are hexagonal crystals with a specific gravity of 3.20-3.25 and a microhardness of 2840-3320kg/mm2

Silicon carbide has two commonly used basic varieties: black silicon carbide and green silicon carbide, both of which belong to the α- SiC. ① Black silicon carbide contains about 95% SiC, and its toughness is higher than that of green silicon carbide. It is mostly used for processing materials with low tensile strength, such as glass, ceramics, stone, refractory materials, cast iron, and non-ferrous metals. Green silicon carbide contains over 97% SiC and has good self sharpening properties. It is mostly used for machining hard alloys, titanium alloys, and optical glass, as well as for honing cylinder sleeves and precision grinding high-speed steel tools. In addition, there is cubic silicon carbide, which is a yellow green crystal made by a special process. The grinding tool used for production is suitable for ultra precision machining of bearings, and can process the surface roughness from Ra32 to 0.16 microns to Ra0.04 to 0.02 microns in one go.

Silicon carbide has four main application areas, namely functional ceramics, advanced refractory materials, abrasives, and metallurgical raw materials.

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